(一)
写History of England 的十九世纪英国史学家Thomas Babington Macaulay成名既早,享誉也久,文运之佳,惹人艳羡。他二十五岁在《爱丁堡评论》论米尔敦一举大红。此后二十年为该期刊撰文不休,论历史、论文学,写什么像什么。一度出任辉格党议员,也在印度总督府最高委员会任职,写法律与教育问题的专着,脍炙人口,影响甚大。后来当过英国陆军大臣、军需总监。一八四二年出版《古罗马之歌》(Lays of Ancient Rome);《文论史评集》(Essays Critical and Historical)畅销整个世纪,这部文集其实既教条又浅薄,有人讥之为“当代偏见大全”(“a key to half the prejudices of our age” ),可是词藻华丽,句句自信,尖刻聪明,一般读者都为之倾倒。麦考利的本事是笔下能融学人之治学方法与报人之畅美文风为一体(“able to mesh the research of the scholar with writing that has the colour and pace of the journalist”),他的《英国史》世代传诵,自不待言。
(二)
我对英国史毫无兴趣,初读此书但觉流畅,后来才知道英国人都说麦考利的文笔教人“爱难释手”(“compulsively readable”)。Lord Acton说他虽然既拙劣又可憎,却可跻身大家大师之列(“He remains to me one of the greatest of all writers and masters,although I think him base,contemptible and odious”)。Thomas Carlyle也治历史,写过《法国革命史》,可惜文笔孤绝怪癖,远比不上麦考利讨好。难怪他说麦氏只限於辞书之渊博,十足花厅狂妄之徒,既无识见,难成大器(“At bottom, this Macaulay is but a poor creature with his dictionary literature and erudition, his saloon arrogance. He has no vision in him. He will neither see nor do any great thing”)。
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